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Armorie v. Delamirie (1722) K.B., 1 Strange 505, 93 ER 664 |
| | "Chimney-sweepers' apprentices, for example, loom large in the popular historical imagination but were very small in number. Much of their high visibility resulted from the campaigning of Jonas Hanway in the eighteenth century and Lord Shaftesbury and Charles Kingsley in the nineteenth [in the 1863 novel The Water Babies]. In 1841, the number of sweeps' apprentices aged below 10 in London was estimated by Mayhew to be 370 (at a time when London's population numbered 2.2 million). Hanway estimated that in 1785 there were 400 to 550 climbing boys in London, and an estimate from seven years later supposed their number to be 500. . . According to the census of 1851, there were 1107 British chimney-sweeps aged below 15 in Britain." |
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< | Climbing Boys in Literature and Art
William Blake published two versions of his poem "The Chimney Sweep," once in Songs of Innocence (1789) and then in Songs of Experience (1794). |
| | Scrotum Cancer
Soot and the chemicals it contained led to a notably high rate of scrotal cancer among chimney sweep's boys.
Brown & Thornton, Percivall Pott & Chimney Sweepers' Cancer of the Scrotum (1957) |
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< | Pott's 1775 treatise, Chirurgical observations Relative to the Cataract, the Polypus of the Nose, the Cancer of the Scrotum, . . ., which includes an account of scrotum cancer among chimney sweepers has been cited as the first description of an occupational cancer: |
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> | Pott's 1775 treatise, Chirurgical observations Relative to the Cataract, the Polypus of the Nose, the Cancer of the Scrotum, . . . [etc.], which includes an account of scrotum cancer among chimney sweepers has been cited as the first description of an occupational cancer: |
| | ". . . there is a disease as peculiar to a certain set of people, which has not, at least to my knowledge, been publickly noticed; I mean the chimney-sweepers' cancer . . . it produced a superficial, painful, ragged, ill-looking sore, with hard and rising edges. The trade call it the soot-wart . . . The fate of these people seems singularly hard; in their early infancy, they are most frequently treated with great brutality, and almost starved with cold and hunger; they are thrust up narrow, and sometimes hot chimnies, where they are bruised, burned, and almost suffocated; and when they get to puberty, become peculiarly liable to a most noisome, painful, and fatal disease." |
| | Butlin considers possible reasons that chimney sweeps on the continent suffer a much lower rate of scrotum cancer. He hypothesizes that it is owing to protective clothing which varies by local custom that: |
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< | "in spite of every other condition which may be regarded as favourable to the disease, including the employment of children as 'climbing boys,' it is really almost unknown in those countries." |
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> | ". . . in spite of every other condition which may be regarded as favourable to the disease, including the employment of children as 'climbing boys,' it is really almost unknown in those countries." |
| | Walter Jacobson, Diseases of the Male Organs of Generation (1893) |
| | "A more important explanation than the intersection of machinery, is to be found in the fact that chimney-sweeps, being no longer employed in boyhood, the delicate scrotal skin is not exposed so early or so long to the irritation of soot." |
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> | Climbing Boys in Literature and Art
William Blake published two versions of his poem "The Chimney Sweep," once in Songs of Innocence (1789) and then in Songs of Experience (1794).
Here's an image of some climbing boys, still black with soot, tucking into a meal and some ale.
A recent image of a Sweep's Apprentice
Another image
An image of a widow selling her son into an apprenticeship with a chimney sweep. |
| | Paul De Lamerie
* Paul_De_Lamerie,_Goldmsith.pdf: "Paul De Lamerie, Goldsmith" from The Burlington Magazine (1920) |
| | Since it came down, the case has appeared in legal treatises on property, evidence, and tort law, judicial opinions, and case books on property law. |
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> | Here's a 2007 article by a barrister who advocates overturning the Armory rule because negligent lawyers now risk getting caught in a net designed for dishonest goldsmiths. |
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