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TheExchequerOfTheJews 6 - 16 Nov 2014 - Main.InbarAsif
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EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS | | |
Background: | |
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> | Jews began to settle in England soon after the Norman Conquest in 1066. They escaped the massacres during the period of the first (1096–1099) and second (1145–1149) crusades and despite occasional imposition of periodic fines and special levies, initially their numbers and prosperity increased under the protection of the king.[1a] | | | Surviving records of the Exchequer Pipe Roll of the reign of Henry I show that the Jews of England constituted a major source of royal revenue to the Crown early in the twelfth century. With the further advance of commerce and industry under Henry I and Henry II, the Jews of England continued to increase their royal revenues and the demand for the creation of a distinct department of the Great Exchequer for the Jews capital management had grown.[1]
With the Crusaders mania reaching England (around 1190), so did attacks against the Jews by the fanatic Christians who would kill them and took their money, leaving debts uncollected. Richard I, then the king, became concerned about how violence against the Jews will affect his access to their capital, given how the Jews' wealth was one of the main sources of money for the Crown [2]. Around the same time, the estate left by Aaron of Lincoln (a Jew who died in 1186 and was believed to be the richest man in England) was so big, that it required a treasurer and clerk to manage all the debtors. An arrangement termed "Aaron's Exchequer." [3] | | | The expulsion of England’s Jewry in 1290 signaled the end of the office of Exchequer of the Jews, though cases with references to the debts of the Jews occurred in the year-books during some of the reign of Edward II (1307-1327). [20]
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> | [1a] Joe Hillaby, "Jewish Colonisation in the Twelfth Century" THE JEWS IN MEDIEVAL BRITAIN: HISTORICAL, LITERARY, AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE 16-17(Patricia Skinner, editor 2003). | | | [1] Charles Gross, "The Exchequer of the Jews of England in the Middle Ages"- a lecture delivered at Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition at Royal Albert Hall, 5 (9th of June, 1887).
[2] Id, p. 6.
[3] Robert C. Stacey, "The English Jews under Henry III" THE JEWS IN MEDIEVAL BRITAIN: HISTORICAL, LITERARY, AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE 47 (Patricia Skinner, editor 2003). |
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