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CeciliaWangFirstPaper 4 - 26 Feb 2010 - Main.CeciliaWang
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It is strongly recommended that you include your outline in the body of your essay by using the outline as section titles. The headings below are there to remind you how section and subsection titles are formatted. | | | An interviewer posed to me this hypothetical: "How will you handle your work in a case you believe is wrongfully prosecuted? For example, a domestic violence victim who struck back at her abuser."
I cannot recall my answer as well as I can the question, though I remember declaring my faith in the integrity of my assistant district attorneys, in the high standard of evidence and persuasion held by the criminal justice system, and the right of all to representation. The question bothered me because soon after leaving I substituted a more likely, and less sympathetic, hypothetical involving a kid getting charged with a litany of offenses on a relatively minor incident, facing several years or life for stealing a slice of pizza. | |
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< | My Previous Conceptions of the Criminal Justice System
The Superhero Ideal | >
> | The Superhero Ideal | | | | |
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< | High standard for conviction | >
> | As a kid, I did not get to watch a much American superhero cartoons as I might have liked because of Chinese school on Saturday mornings, but I did love the superheroes enough for the idea that the world is made up of heroes and villains to stick. The world of superheroes the evidence is always convincing and heroes never have to struggle to convict against a high standard of proof or have to defend their evidence gathering methods and warn villains against self-crimination. The confessions they obtain are always admissible, and in the superhero world we in Southern California would not have been bewildered by the acquittal of O.J. Simpson.
The villain escapes mode of injustice, in comparison, was far more prevalent in real life. The New York and Los Angeles Times newspapers probably publish as many stories about successful convictions as about acquittals and successful appeals. Injustice is simply more memorable than justice. I believe that is because we inherently believe in justice, so when justice is done - a murderer is put away, a heinous criminal punished and victims vindicated - we take the result for granted as the due course of nature. The incidents of injustice are the ones that deeply jar our preferred view of the world and take us farther from what we want the world to be. The convictions are reported without a shadow of a doubt; the evidence is always presented overwhelming. | | | | |
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< | Reasonnable Doubt
Barriers to evidence collection | >
> | Fear is a simply emotion to react to than fairness, in the political realm
Fear is justified.
Few are those who have not suffered an unpunished crime nor fear of law enforcement's failure to capture neighborhood criminals. My family's car windows have been smashed while parked during daylight hours in downtown Santa Monica. I know of students who have been mugged and worse by standard-description teenagers who have never been charged for those particular crimes, and I know of a group of youths who were caught but released because the victim just did not want to deal with the process and the fear of retaliation. She would have participated if they would have been sentenced to more than a couple months maximum. Charges would have been pressed had NY Penal Law called for minimum of two years for taking her wallet; they would have been safely locked up until her graduation.
The popular sentiments of the visibly law-abiding voters rule | | | | |
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< | Difficult to convict
To be fair, the New York and Los Angeles Times newspapers probably publish a many stories about successful convictions as about acquittals and successful appeals. Injustice is always more memorable than justice. I believe that is because we inherently believe in justice, so when justice is done - a murderer is put away, a heinous criminal punished and victims vindicated – we take the result for granted as the due course of nature. The incidents of injustice are the ones that deeply jar our preferred view of the world and take us farther from what we want the world to be. The convictions are reported without a shadow of a doubt; the evidence is always overwhelming.
Lessons from Criminal Law
Three Strikes in California
Variety of charges each incident can attract
Blame Politics
Fear is easier to sell than fairness
Fear is justified
Few are those who have not suffered an unpunished crime nor fear of law enforcement's failure to capture neighborhood criminals. My family’s car windows have been smashed while parked during daylight hours in downtown Santa Monica. I know of students who have been mugged and worse by standard-description teenagers who have never been charged for those particular crimes, and I know of a group of youths who were caught but released because the victim just did not want to deal with the process and the fear of retaliation. She would have participated if they would have been sentenced to more than a couple months maximum. Charges would have been pressed had NY Penal Law called for minimum of two years for taking her wallet – locked up until graduation.
Fear is present
Neighborhood Burglaries. TV news makes crime seem closer.
Shall not discuss influence of race and racism
Belief that wrongful convictions are abnormalities. | | | Law students becoming law enforcers, integrity and sense of justice
Many will face the same pressures of competition and prestige
"Those young ADAs, they think they are God" | |
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< | Law school is a disempowering experience
The attraction of power
The corporate law default allows deeply in debt, relatively poor law students to choose money as a substitute for power (and power over lowly staff members). Success as defined in the law school is dangerous. The Duke lacrosse players were lucky they had defense attorneys who had the time to fight for them.
Quotas in the work place/high conviction rates
Law school encourages pursuit of status symbols. What drives law students towards the pursuit of the best law firms, what drives them towards the pursuit of the most prestigious prosecutors’ offices to practice in, will push lawyers towards the pursuit of whatever status symbols prosecutors have among themselves: highest conviction rates, the highest sentences achieved for each grade and kind of felony.
Focus on sidewalk drug dealers
State mandatory sentencing and charge-enhancing laws
Vagueness of Penal Codes
Every newly created crime, through creatively broadening the reach of statutes, is a restriction to our original rights.
Give credit where it's due: striving after difficult and important cases | >
> | An attorney at the Legal Aid Society made that accusation. Law school is a disempowering experience, or maybe just first year, with severely limited freedom of choice and anonymized individuals, set towards one competitive goal like racing dogs. At the same time, because of the impossibility of specialization at this level of learning, I find myself easily replaceable. Even work for voluntary pro bono projects showcase how useless a first year student is; the work usually involves helping someone fill out government forms and presenting an obvious case against an absent adversary. I imagine it must be exhilarating to be a first-year attorney with the power to charge and prosecute and to win. The corporate law default allows deeply in debt, relatively poor law students to choose money as a substitute for power (while enjoying some power over lowly staff members). Success as defined in the law school can be dangerous when carried past graduation. Law school encourages pursuit of status symbols. What drives law students towards the pursuit of the best law firms, what drives them towards the pursuit of the most prestigious U.S. and district attorney offices to practice in, will push lawyers towards the pursuit of whatever status symbols prosecutors have among themselves: highest conviction rates, the highest sentences; the most publicized and challenging cases. I was shocked to see how brief the descriptions of crimes in the New York Penal Law are. The vagueness of statutes allows for creative, expansive application, and for every newly created crime, through creatively broadening the reach of statutes, is a restriction to our original rights. | | | |
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