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< < | It is strongly recommended that you include your outline in the body of your essay by using the outline as section titles. The headings below are there to remind you how section and subsection titles are formatted. | | Not on innovation alone: Politics and the Regulation of Television White Space
On November 4, 2008, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) commissioners voted to open up broadcast television white space for unlicensed use. (http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-286566A1.pdf). This decision to free up a portion of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum was generally positive for the public, and may improve delivery of telecommunications services. However, this outcome had little to do with equitable decisions by the FCC or the public-mindedness of industry. Thurman Arnold may call it lucky that the interests of influential social institutions happened to align with the common good. | |
> > | What is the point of
putting URLs in text? They don't convey useful information to the
reader, and they take up space and cause ugliness. Make sensible
links, in which something useful is said to the reader and the URL is
put where it belongs, in the href attribute of the link
phrase. | | A. Background on RF spectrum regulation
When broadcast radio was invented in the early 1900s, a station broadcasted at its ‘own’ frequency, free from interfering signals. Usable RF frequencies were conceptualized as a sort of ‘space’, and the common law conferred an exclusive near-property right to this space. RF bands as property was codified in the Radio Act of 1927, persisting ever since, with the FCC regulating them as a national resource under the commerce powers. | | "As an engineer, I was also really gratified to see that the FCC decided to put science over politics. For years the broadcasting lobby and others have tried to spread fear and confusion about this technology, rather than allow the FCC's engineers to simply do their work." (http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/vote-for-broadband-in-white-spaces.html). | |
< < | This, however, is a mischaracterization of the FCC’s decision. Google and its allies deserve the real praise in influencing the FCC on this issue. Unfortunately, there are no lobby groups beholden to the public interest that have as much resource and influence as the corporations behind the white space decision. While a small portion of spectrum has been opened up into the public common, it was not a democratic exercise of public will. When the decision making process itself is influenced by a few powerful social institutions, the continuation of these public benefits is far from certain. There is no guarantee that industry interests will not conflict with those of the public in the future. | > > | This, however, is a mischaracterization of the FCC’s decision. Google and its allies deserve the real praise in influencing the FCC on this issue. Unfortunately, there are no lobby groups beholden to the public interest that have as much resource and influence as the corporations behind the white space decision. | | | |
< < | In his discussion on the psychology of social institutions, Arnold outlines how in the Middle Ages, traders and money lenders were able to produce a new system of social organization that overturned the feudal rules of law and economics. Similarly, as technology improves, many of the old rules of law and economics that used to regulate society will begin to break down, as we have seen to a small extent for property rights in the RF spectrum white space. This breakdown may lead to results that are publicly beneficial or detrimental, but in order to consistently allow these advancements to be beneficial a better process for regulatory decisions must be instituted. While the white space decision is a small step in the right direction, the broader question of setting up institutions to decide for the public benefit remains unanswered. | > > | How do you know? The
Media Access Project, Public Knowledge, CDT, and the Consumer
Federation of America are all involved in that conversation all the
time. You seem also to overlook the importance of members of the
House and Senate, who are chosen in a process known as democratic
elections and who believe themselves to act in the public interest,
While a small portion of spectrum has been opened up into the public common, it was not a democratic exercise of public will.
See above.
When the decision making process itself is influenced by a few powerful social institutions, the continuation of these public benefits is far from certain. There is no guarantee that industry interests will not conflict with those of the public in the future.
On the contrary, there
is a guarantee that they will conflict. So?
In his discussion on the psychology of social institutions, Arnold outlines how in the Middle Ages, traders and money lenders were able to produce a new system of social organization that overturned the feudal rules of law and economics. Similarly, as technology improves, many of the old rules of law and economics that used to regulate society will begin to break down, as we have seen to a small extent for property rights in the RF spectrum white space.
And many will not. So
this isn't an argument, just something that sounds like argument for
those who don't like actual analysis. I told you that you could
hardly trust Arnold's historical accounts as anything other than
creed statements. Here you are falling headfirst into the barrel.
Technology changes, improvement is an opinion. As it does so, it
determines the nature of legal change? That's a strong proposition
requiring much more proof than you or anyone else can adduce. It
conditions the nature of legal change? Even that is more than I
think you could show. It accompanies legal change? Sure, but so
what? No directionality can be implied, and no predictive power
either. What you need is an analytical account of some relation
between some technological change and the resulting system of
property relations, so that we can begin to ask in what way similar
processes are at work here. Or you could look for an approach
based in some historical materialism that others have
analytically justified.
This breakdown may lead to results that are publicly beneficial or detrimental, but in order to consistently allow these advancements to be beneficial a better process for regulatory decisions must be instituted. While the white space decision is a small step in the right direction, the broader question of setting up institutions to decide for the public benefit remains unanswered.
This is flummery. Could
anything ever written about public policy not have concluded that
we need a better regulatory process more fully committed to achieving
public benefit?
You haven't explained
anywhere what makes the difference between law and economics, on one
hand, and politics on the other. Nor have you explained why
unlicensed spectrum that was good for terrestrial TV receivers the
size of, well, televisions, should be our particular concern in the
era of devices for which a better antenna size is substantially
smaller. Nor why spectrum that was good for high-power line of sight
broadcasting meant to reach millions of people from the top of
something very tall is also the spectrum you would most want for
implementing mesh networking in a world where IP-based protocols will
prevail over broadcast signals as well as circuit-switched networks,
where everybody routes everybody else's packets around every corner
using tiny amounts of power by broadcast standards, and where
problems of interference caused by screaming at dumb fixed-frequency
receiving devices are barely-remembered historical issues. In short,
both the political and the technical analysis seem to me to need a
careful editorial review. | | -- By JeffKao - 16 Feb 2010
Note: I stumbled across this journal article on how the FCC Commissioners defined the "public interest" back in 1980. Interesting reading, and contained first-hand interviews with the Commissioners. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jbem24&div=36&g_sent=1&collection=journals#313
-- JeffKao - 16 Mar 2010 | |
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