Law in Contemporary Society

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LaurenPackardFirstEssay 3 - 13 Mar 2015 - Main.LaurenPackard
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I. What is biopiracy?

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<		Bioprospecting describes the process whereby pharmaceutical and agricultural companies discover and commercialize new products based on biological resources, usually plants. Oftentimes Big Pharma appropriates and commercializes generations of indigenous knowledge without compensating indigenous peoples. This form of exploitation is known as biopiracy. Some examples:
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>		Bioprospecting describes the process whereby pharmaceutical and agricultural companies discover and commercialize new products based on biological resources, usually plants. Oftentimes Big Pharma and Big Ag appropriate generations' worth of indigenous knowledge without compensating indigenous peoples. This form of exploitation is known as biopiracy. Some examples:
 

Neem Tree

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 In 1997 US corporation RiceTec? was granted a patent on a “novel line” of Basmati rice crossed with a semidwarf variety of Basmati rice. Indians have been breeding and growing Basmati rice for centuries and India produces about 650,000 tons of Basmati rice annually. The Indian government intervened and invalidated several claims in the patent and limited it to three strains of rice.
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<		Western companies have also received US patents on Gabonese oubli berries (granted in 1994, hit the market in 2009 as artificial sweetener “cweet”), a variety of Mexican yellow bean (granted in 1999 and revoked in 2008), Bolivian quinoa (granted in 1994 and abandoned shortly after) and Indian turmeric (granted in 1995 and revoked in 1997).
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>		The US has also granted American companies with patents on Gabonese oubli berries (granted in 1994, hit the market in 2009 as artificial sweetener “cweet”), a variety of Mexican yellow bean (granted in 1999 and revoked in 2008), Bolivian quinoa (granted in 1994 and abandoned shortly after) and Indian turmeric (granted in 1995 and revoked in 1997).
 

II. Intellectual property laws as a mechanism for neo-colonialism


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