See this story about a utility company hacking into Greenpeace's computers. h/t Slashdot.

The French state energy firm, EDF Energy, has been found guilty of spying on environmental campaign group Greenpeace.

A Paris court today ordered EDF to be fined €1.5 million (£1.4m) for hacking into Greenpeace computers in 2006. EDF has also been ordered to pay half a million euros (£428,000) in damages to Greenpeace.

EDF is a French state-owned energy giant and is the world leader in the production of nuclear power. The company will be familiar to many British people who are its domestic electricity customers. It is also a sponsor of the 2012 Olympic Games.

Now, it has been found guilty of “industrial scale espionage against Greenpeace,” by French Judge Isabelle Prévost-Desprez. It had been charged with complicity in concealing stolen documents and complicity to intrude on a computer network, according to The Guardian newspaper.

-- DevinMcDougall - 15 Nov 2011

Why do some people learn faster?

Dweck’s next set of experiments showed how this fear of failure can actually inhibit learning. She gave the same fifth graders yet another test. This test was designed to be extremely difficult — it was originally written for eighth graders — but Dweck wanted to see how the kids would respond to the challenge. The students who were initially praised for their effort worked hard at figuring out the puzzles. Kids praised for their smarts, on the other hand, were easily discouraged. Their inevitable mistakes were seen as a sign of failure: Perhaps they really weren’t so smart. After taking this difficult test, the two groups of students were then given the option of looking either at the exams of kids who did worse or those who did better. Students praised for their intelligence almost always chose to bolster their self-esteem by comparing themselves with students who had performed worse on the test. In contrast, kids praised for their hard work were more interested in the higher-scoring exams. They wanted to understand their mistakes, to learn from their errors, to figure out how to do better.

The final round of tests was the same difficulty level as the initial test. Nevertheless, students who were praised for their effort exhibited significant improvement, raising their average score by 30 percent. Because these kids were willing to challenge themselves, even if it meant failing at first, they ended up performing at a much higher level. This result was even more impressive when compared to students randomly assigned to the smart group, who saw their scores drop by nearly 20 percent. The experience of failure had been so discouraging for the “smart” kids that they actually regressed.

The problem with praising kids for their innate intelligence — the “smart” compliment — is that it misrepresents the psychological reality of education. It encourages kids to avoid the most useful kind of learning activities, which is when we learn from our mistakes. Because unless we experience the unpleasant symptoms of being wrong — that surge of Pe activity a few hundred milliseconds after the error, directing our attention to the very thing we’d like to ignore — the mind will never revise its models. We’ll keep on making the same mistakes, forsaking self-improvement for the sake of self-confidence. Samuel Beckett had the right attitude: “Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try Again. Fail again. Fail better.”

-- DevinMcDougall - 21 Oct 2011

This TED talk (by a lawyer) discusses incentives, scientific studies surrounding them, and why they don't work like we think they do. This is relevant to our discussion of property rights as incentives.

-- ShawnFetty - 19 Oct 2011

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