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TSTSourceQuotes 9 - 25 Oct 2008 - Main.ElliottAsh
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> | Quotations | | | Media and Government | | | "Results show that the worlds created by ABC and CCTV apparently were molded according to the logic of views from 'here and there' that are bound up with the social location of the respective news organization. The social construction of reality perspective suggests that the selection and presentation of news on the two networks depend not so much on the properties of the event or issue itself, but rather on its position in the broader social structure relative to its external context." (Chang 98) | |
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> | Issues in dissemination of political views by media (page 96)
Journalists feel that they have journalistic autonomy (Gans 1980)
"Media organizations are both pol itical and economic actors. They have the
ability to influence public opinion, voting behavior, and government policy. At
the same time, they tend to be motivated primarily by profit-maximizing goals.
Agency theory (also called the principal– agent approach) has been useful for
understanding the behavior of individuals in profit-seeking organizations as
well as individuals in political organi zations such as legislatures and regulatory
agencies. Applying principles from the agency theory framework to the behavior
of individuals at various hierarchical levels of the mass media fi rm reveals
important variables, such as monitoring costs, individual motivations, and implicit
organi z ational control mechanisms that may significantly impact media
content. Focusing on these variables can help explain variability in media content
across di fferent media organizations." (Napoli 97) | | | Government and Defense Contractors
"The results once again confirm the powerful effects of ideology on defense voting but also indicate that PAC contributions exert a statistically significant (though marginal) impact even when ideological predisposition is controlled. In addition, the results support the argument that those members with weaker ideological predispositions are more responsive to the effects of PAC money. Finally, the results indicate that, even at the margins, PAC contributions from defense contractors can influence the outcome of legislative deliberations, especially when the vote margin is not very large." (Fleisher 1993) | | | "in the end Ober decided CBS could not afford to opt out of the pools for commercial and competitive reasons." (23) | |
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> | Institutional Agency
Preferences and strategies of institutional agents (Frieden 1999)
"... where actors are strategic, we cannot infer the cause of their behavior directly from their behavior" (Friedenn 1999: 48)
"The first, sins of confusion, mixes preferences and the strategic setting in ways that do not allow their independent effects to be examined" (49)
"...sins of commission[] is to assert that variation in outcome is solely owing to variation in preferences... sins of omission... assert that variation in outcomes has nothing to do with variation in preferences" (51).
Limits of determining preferences of state actors compared to economic actors (56-57)
Assuming preferences based on actor's characteristics (61) (i.e., countries with relatively large vaults of intellectual property will favor strong international intellectual property protection regimes)
| | | Crocodyl.org
Boeing: Boeing is one of the largest U.S. federal defense contractors. Its has traditionally also been willing to make huge gambles on developing new generations of planes--seen most recently in the 777 series that will become available in the mid-1990s... corporate misbehavior highlighted by the jailing of Boeing's former CFO, for holding illegal job negotiations with Darlene Druyun, a senior Pentagon official... Boeing's position as a military contractor was tarnished in 1989, when it pleaded guilty and paid a fine of $5 million in connection with charges that it illegally obtained classified Pentagon planning documents... When wartime mobilization began, Boeing began producing hundreds of B-17 Flying Fortresses for the army. A later model, the B-29, was the plane used in the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The company also produced a series of bombers, including the renowned B-52... Once Boeing introduced its new narrow-body 757 and wide-body 767 in the early 1980s, the Seattle company once again took command of the market. As a result the teetering Lockheed, which in the 1970s had been rescued by a federal government bailout program, abandoned the commercial aircraft business in 1981... The Reagan administration's escalation of defense spending fattened the military side of Boeing's operations. In addition to getting more money to build its AWACS airborne command posts, the company began to get more involved in military electronics--though not as much as it hoped to when making a $5 billion bid in 1985 for Hughes Aircraft. Hughes ended up with General Motors instead... In 1991 a team headed by Boeing and the Sikorsky Aircraft division of United Technologies was chosen to build a new generation of combat helicopters for the U.S. Army. The contract could eventually be worth $34 billion. Boeing was also part of a team (along with Lockheed and General Dynamics) chosen to supply 650 Advanced Tactical Fights to the U.S. Air Force--a deal that could be worth $90 billion to the three companies. The Seattle company joined yet another team (including Grumman and Lockheed) to compete for the contract on the U.S. Navy's new A-X attack plane. In 1991 Boeing formed an alliance with the Thomson-CSF subsidiary of Thomson S.A. to pursue opportunities in global military markets. In May 2005, Boeing announced its intent to form a joint venture, United Launch Alliance with its competitor Lockheed Martin. The new venture will be the largest provider of rocket launch services to the US government. The joint venture gained regulatory approval and completed the formation on December 1, 2006. |
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