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AngelaProject 16 - 03 Jan 2010 - Main.AngelaChen
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-- AngelaChen - 08 Nov 2009 | | | Although early American lawmakers were influenced strongly by English law (both common law and statute), it would be erroneous to believe that most colonies simply imported the English law on capital punishment (or indeed any English laws) wholesale into their respective colonies. For example, the Royal Charter for South Jersey (1646) did not use the death penalty at all (though this changed), and petty property crimes were often punished less harshly (even if only in the North) than back in England. Especially in the early period, the law did vary from colony to colony despite cross-influencing, and the capital crimes in each reflected the purposes and needs of that specific community. Aside from coloring the adoption of the law itself in America, English practices such as the benefit of clergy also found their way across the Atlantic. As such, England's fingers touched not only the substantive laws on capital punishment in America - they also to some extent molded the actual use (or non-use) of the death penalty (benefit of clergy and other devices which gradually helped to ameliorate the perceived harshness of the death penalty - and their effect on abolition - will be discussed further in sections below).
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< | Of course, Americans were not immune from influences from the rest of Europe. In terms of practices, the carrying out of 'simulated hangings', known throughout early modern Europe, came to have a significant role on this side of the Atlantic. Of possibly even greater importance was the effect that the Enlightenment in Europe had on thinking in America (with attitudes towards capital punishment being no exception) and the resulting growing criticism of the extent of the death penalty. Again, all of this will be explored further in the following sections.
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> | Of course, Americans were not immune from influences from the rest of Europe. In terms of practices, the carrying out of 'simulated hangings', known throughout early modern Europe, came to have a significant role on this side of the Atlantic. Of possibly even greater importance was the effect that the Enlightenment in Europe had on thinking in America (with attitudes towards capital punishment being no exception) and the resulting growing criticism of the extent of the death penalty. Again, all of this will be explored further in the following sections.
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Religion and the Role of Ministers | | | | |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Banner_The_Death_Penalty.pdf" attr="" comment="Banner, The Death Penalty (2002)" date="1257731914" name="Banner_The_Death_Penalty.pdf" path="Banner_The Death Penalty.pdf" size="711047" stream="Banner_The Death Penalty.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Bedau_Titlepage.pdf" attr="" comment="Bedau, The Death Penalty in America (1968)" date="1258519645" name="Bedau_Titlepage.pdf" path="Bedau_Titlepage.pdf" size="901923" stream="Bedau_Titlepage.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Kronenwetter_Title_Page.pdf" attr="" comment="Kronenwetter, Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook (1993)" date="1258519777" name="Kronenwetter_Title_Page.pdf" path="Kronenwetter_Title Page.pdf" size="1944482" stream="Kronenwetter_Title Page.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Mass_Declaration_of_Rights_1780.pdf" attr="" comment="Massachusetts Declaration of Rights (1780)" date="1260078506" name="Mass_Declaration_of_Rights_1780.pdf" path="Mass Declaration of Rights 1780.pdf" size="114990" stream="Mass Declaration of Rights 1780.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Livingston_report_penal_code.pdf" attr="" comment="Livingston, Report on the Penal Code (1822)" date="1260079121" name="Livingston_report_penal_code.pdf" path="Livingston_report_penal_code.pdf" size="6095114" stream="Livingston_report_penal_code.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Spear_Essays_on_the_punishment_of_death.pdf" attr="" comment="Spear, Essays on the Punishment of Death (1845)" date="1260079342" name="Spear_Essays_on_the_punishment_of_death.pdf" path="Spear_Essays_on_the_punishment_of_death.pdf" size="8901882" stream="Spear_Essays_on_the_punishment_of_death.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Banner_chapters.pdf" attr="" comment="Chapters from The Death Penalty: An American History (Banner)" date="1262520292" name="Banner_chapters.pdf" path="Banner_chapters.pdf" size="8750261" stream="Banner_chapters.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Kronenwetter_chapters.pdf" attr="" comment="Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook (Kronenwetter)" date="1262520889" name="Kronenwetter_chapters.pdf" path="Kronenwetter_chapters.pdf" size="5793155" stream="Kronenwetter_chapters.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Rogers_chapter_1.pdf" attr="" comment="Murder and the Death Penalty in Massachusetts, Chapter 1 (Rogers)" date="1262521125" name="Rogers_chapter_1.pdf" path="Rogers_chapter_1.pdf" size="7503322" stream="Rogers_chapter_1.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Rogers_chapter_2_Part_1.pdf" attr="" comment="Murder and the Death Penalty in Massachusetts, Chapter 2 part 1 (Rogers)" date="1262521958" name="Rogers_chapter_2_Part_1.pdf" path="Rogers_chapter_2_Part_1.pdf" size="2546804" stream="Rogers_chapter_2_Part_1.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Rogers_chapter_2_part_2.pdf" attr="" comment="Murder and the Death Penalty in Massachusetts, Chapter 2 part 2 (Rogers)" date="1262522404" name="Rogers_chapter_2_part_2.pdf" path="Rogers_chapter_2_part_2.pdf" size="5275889" stream="Rogers_chapter_2_part_2.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Rogers_chapter_3.pdf" attr="" comment="Murder and the Death Penalty in Massachusetts, Chapter 3 (Rogers)" date="1262522606" name="Rogers_chapter_3.pdf" path="Rogers_chapter_3.pdf" size="7606196" stream="Rogers_chapter_3.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Bedau_chapters.pdf" attr="" comment="The Death Penalty in America (Bedau)" date="1262523609" name="Bedau_chapters.pdf" path="Bedau_chapters.pdf" size="6003049" stream="Bedau_chapters.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Steelwater_chapters_part_1.pdf" attr="" comment="The Hangman's Knot, Part 1 (Steelwater)" date="1262524403" name="Steelwater_chapters_part_1.pdf" path="Steelwater_chapters_part_1.pdf" size="7542885" stream="Steelwater_chapters_part_1.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Steelwater_chapters_part_2.pdf" attr="" comment="The Hangman's Knot, Part 2 (Steelwater)" date="1262524633" name="Steelwater_chapters_part_2.pdf" path="Steelwater_chapters_part_2.pdf" size="7327986" stream="Steelwater_chapters_part_2.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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| META FILEATTACHMENT | attachment="Beccaria_chapter_28.pdf" attr="" comment="On Crimes and Punishments and Other Writings, Chapter 28 (Beccaria)" date="1262524804" name="Beccaria_chapter_28.pdf" path="Beccaria_chapter_28.pdf" size="2162498" stream="Beccaria_chapter_28.pdf" user="Main.AngelaChen" version="1" |
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